رائحة الفم الكريهة
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<p>ÙÙØ§Ù Ø§Ø¹ØªÙØ§Ø¯ شائع أ٠٠ضغ Ø§ÙØ¹ÙÙØ© أ٠اÙ٠ض٠ضة ÙÙØ¶Ù عÙÙ Ø§ÙØ±Ø§Ø¦ØØ© اÙÙØ±ÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙ٠٠ا تÙÙ٠ب٠تÙ٠اÙÙØ³Ø§Ø¦Ù ÙÙ ØªØºØ·ÙØ© Ø§ÙØ±Ø§Ø¦ØØ© ÙÙØ³ Ø¥ÙØ§.[11]<br>ÙÙØµØ اÙ٠تخصصÙÙ Ø¨ØªØ¬ÙØ¨ Ø§ÙØ£Ø³Ø¨Ø§Ø¨ Ø§ÙØ³Ø§Ø¨ÙØ© ÙØ¯Ø± Ø§ÙØ¥Ù ÙØ§ÙØ ÙØ§ÙÙ ÙØ§Ø¸Ø¨Ø© عÙÙ ØªÙØ¸ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£Ø³Ùا٠باÙÙØ±Ø´Ø§Ø© ÙØ§ÙØ®ÙØ· Ø§ÙØ·Ø¨Ù بشÙ٠صØÙØ ÙØºÙÙÙ Ø¹Ù Ø§ÙØØ±Ø¬ اÙÙØ§ØªØ¬ Ø¹Ù Ø±Ø§Ø¦ØØ© اÙÙ٠اÙÙØ±ÙÙØ©. Ù٠ا Ø£Ù Ø²ÙØ§Ø±Ø© Ø§ÙØ·Ø¨Ùب بشÙÙ Ø¯ÙØ±Ù ستساعد٠عÙÙ Ø§ÙØªØ®Ùص Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø³Ø¨Ø§Ø¨ Ø§ÙØ£Ø®Ø±Ù Ø§ÙØªÙ ÙØ¯ تغÙ٠عÙÙØ§ ÙØ§ÙØªØ³ÙØ³Ø§Øª اÙÙØ¯ÙÙ Ø© ÙØ§ÙØ¬ÙØ± اÙ٠تراÙÙ ÙØ¬ÙÙØ¨ اÙÙØ«Ø©. Ù٠ا ÙØ¯ ÙØ³Ø§Ø¹Ø¯Ù Ø§ÙØ·Ø¨Ùب Ø£ÙØ¶Ùا ÙÙ ØªØ´Ø®ÙØµ Ø§ÙØ®Ùاض ٠ستÙ٠اÙÙØ¹Ø§Ø¨ Ù٠ا Ø°ÙØ±Ùا Ø£ÙÙ ÙØªÙ Ù٠اÙÙ ØØ§Ùظة عÙÙ ØµØØ© اÙÙÙ .[12]<br>أ٠ا Ø¥Ù ÙØ§Ùت تÙÙ Ø§ÙØ±Ø§Ø¦ØØ© ÙØ§ØªØ¬Ø© ع٠٠رض آخر أ٠أثر ÙØ¯ÙØ§Ø¡Ù Ù Ø§Ø ÙÙØ¯ ÙØ±Ø´Ø¯Ù Ø·Ø¨ÙØ¨ Ø§ÙØ£Ø³ÙØ§Ù ÙØ²Ùارة ٠تخصص٠آخر ÙÙ Ù Ø¬Ø§Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ù راض Ø§ÙØ¨Ø§Ø·ÙÙØ©.[13]</p>



<p><strong>اÙ٠صادر</strong>:</p>



<p class="has-text-align-left" dir="ltr">1- Nachnani S. Oral malodor: Causes, assessment, and treatment. (26-28, 30-21;).Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2011;32:22–24. quiz 32, 34. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]</p>



<p class="has-text-align-left" dir="ltr">2- Hine KH. Halitosis. JADA. 1957;55:37–46. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]</p>



<p class="has-text-align-left" dir="ltr">3-Campisi G, Musciotto A, Di Fede O, Di Marco V, Craxi A. Halitosis: Could it be more than mere bad breath? Internal and emergency medicine. 2011;6:315–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]</p>



<p class="has-text-align-left" dir="ltr">4-Tangerman A, Winkel EG. Intra- and extra-oral halitosis: Finding of a new form of extra-oral blood-borne halitosis caused by dimethyl sulphide. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2007;34:748–55. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]</p>



<p class="has-text-align-left" dir="ltr">5-Miyazaki H, Sakao S, Katoh Y, Takehara T. Correlation between volatile sulphur compounds and certain oral health measurements in the general population. Journal of periodontology. 1995;66:679–84. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]</p>



<p class="has-text-align-left" dir="ltr">6-Takeuchi H, Machigashira M, Yamashita D, et al. The association of periodontal disease with oral malodour in a Japanese population. Oral diseases. 2010;16:702–6. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]</p>



<p class="has-text-align-left" dir="ltr">7-Koshimune S, Awano S, Gohara K, Kurihara E, Ansai T, Takehara T. Low salivary flow and volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2003;96:38–41. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]</p>



<p class="has-text-align-left" dir="ltr">8-Bornstein MM, Stocker BL, Seemann R, Burgin WB, Lussi A. Prevalence of halitosis in young male adults: A study in swiss army recruits comparing self-reported and clinical data. Journal of periodontology. 2009;80:24–31. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]</p>



<p class="has-text-align-left" dir="ltr">9-Steenberghe Dv. Breath malodor: A step by step approach. Copenhagen; London: Quintessence; 2004. [Google Scholar]</p>



<p class="has-text-align-left" dir="ltr">10-Cicek Y, Orbak R, Tezel A, Orbak Z, Erciyas K. Effect of tongue brushing on oral malodor in adolescents. Pediatrics international: Official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society. 2003;45:719–23. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]</p>



<p class="has-text-align-left" dir="ltr">11-Rosing CK, Gomes SC, Bassani DG, Oppermann RV. Effect of chewing gums on the production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) in vivo. Acta odontologica latinoamericana: AOL. 2009;22:11–14. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]</p>



<p class="has-text-align-left" dir="ltr">12-Kara C, Tezel A, Orbak R. Effect of oral hygiene instruction and scaling on oral malodour in a population of Turkish children with gingival inflammation. International journal of paediatric dentistry / the British Paedodontic Society [and] the International Association of Dentistry for Children. 2006;16:399–404. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]</p>



<p class="has-text-align-left" dir="ltr">13-Pryse-Phillips W. An olfactory reference syndrome. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1971;47:484–509. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]</p>
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